Water Oxidation & Photosynthesis in TGD Framework

Abstract

Water oxidation in which water splits into 4 electrons, 4 protons and oxygen molecule O₂ is the first step of photosynthesis. The catalytic mechanism behind water oxidation remains rather poorly understood. The total binding energy of H₂O is about 75 eV and the catalyst should provide this energy to temporarily overcome this barrier. Zero energy ontology (ZEO), which is behind the TGD based quantum measurement theory, predicts that "big" (ordinary) state function reductions (BSFRs) involve time reversal. The time reversal of water oxidation occurs spontaneously in a reversed time direction and second BSFR establishing the original arrow of time makes it possible to achieve water oxidation. This mechanism involving two BSFRs applies quite generally to catalysis. The function of the catalyst is to make possible the BSFR and the natural expectation is that the description of catalysis as a process with apparently standard arrow of time is possible. The reduction of the value of h_efffor cyclotron states of dark particles at magnetic flux tube liberates energy assignable to cyclotron states of dark particles and could kick the reactants over the potential wall making the reaction extremely slow otherwise.